UDPR是什么？UDRP域名争议解决结构的三个核心

UDPR（Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy），是一个专门处理域名抢注争议的在线仲裁系统，主要针对恶意注册和使用与他人商标相同或相似的域名的行为。其适用范围主要为获得ICANN 认证的通用顶级域名，如 .com、.net、.org 等。

其结构主要分三部分：

Part 1 - 申诉人资格 / Standing
争议域名与投诉人拥有权利的商标或服务标记相同或混淆性相似。
The disputed domain name is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark or service mark in which the complainant has rights
1、注册商标 / Registered Trademarks: 如果侵权域名与现有（注册或未注册）商标相同或混淆性相似，商标所有者即具有申诉资格。
A trademark owner has standing if the offending domain name is identical or confusingly similar to an existing registered or unregistered trademark.
2、未注册商标 / Unregistered Trademarks: 投诉人必须证明该未注册商标1)在争议域名注册之前就已存在，并且2)在该时间点之前已在市场上获得“第二含义”（即公众将该标识与特定商品来源相关联）。The complainant must prove the unregistered mark 1) predated registration of the domain name at issue, and 2) achieved secondary meaning in the marketplace before that time.
Part 2 - 被诉人无权利或合法利益 / Respondent Lacks Rights or Legitimate Interests

被诉人对该域名不享有任何权利或合法利益。
The respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the domain name

1、投诉人初步举证 / Plaintiff's Prima Facie Case: 投诉人必须首先提供表面证据证明被诉人无权利或合法利益（例如，证明双方无关系、被诉人未获授权、被诉人未进行善意使用等）。The plaintiff must first allege sufficient information to show that the respondent lacks rights or legitimate interests.
2、举证责任转移 / Burden Shifts: 如果初步举证成立，举证责任则转移至被诉人。If a prima facie case is made, the burden of production shifts to the respondent.
3、被诉人反驳 / Respondent's Rebuttal: 被诉人可通过证明以下任何一点来主张其权利或合法利益：The respondent can demonstrate rights or legitimate interests by showing, for example:

注意：如果投诉人未能完成初步举证，或被诉人成功证明其拥有权利或合法利益，则投诉失败。If the plaintiff fails to make a prima facie case, or the respondent demonstrates a right or legitimate interest, the complaint fails
Part 3 - 恶意注册和使用 / Registered and Used in Bad Faith
第4(b)条列举了构成恶意的情形（包括但不限于）：

4(b)(i) 兜售域名 / Cybersquatting: 主要为向商标所有人或其竞争对手出售、出租或转让域名以获取超额收益。Registering the domain name primarily for the purpose of selling, renting, or otherwise transferring it to the trademark owner or a competitor for valuable consideration in excess of documented costs.
4(b)(ii) 阻止注册 / Preventing Registration: 旨在阻止商标持有人将其商标反映在相应域名中，且存在此类行为模式。Registering the domain name to prevent the trademark owner from reflecting the mark in a corresponding domain name, provided there is a pattern of such conduct.
4(b)(iii) 破坏竞争对手业务 / Disrupting Competitor: 主要为破坏竞争对手的业务。Registering the domain name primarily for the purpose of disrupting the business of a competitor.
4(b)(iv) 混淆引流 / Creating Confusion: 通过使用域名，意图为商业利益制造与投诉人商标的混淆，从而吸引互联网用户访问其网站。Using the domain name to intentionally attract, for commercial gain, Internet users by creating a likelihood of confusion with the complainant's mark.

救济措施 / Remedies (4i): 行政专家组可决定的救济措施仅限于注销争议域名或将争议域名转移给投诉人。The remedies available are limited to requiring the cancellation of the domain name or the transfer of the domain name registration to the complainant.
法院诉讼 / Availability of Court Proceedings (4k): UDRP行政程序不排除任何一方在程序开始前或结束后将争议提交有管辖权的法院进行独立解决。若专家组决定转移或注销域名，注册机构将在收到决定10个工作日后执行，除非在此期间收到被诉人已向法院提起诉讼的正式文件。Either party may submit the dispute to a court before or after the UDRP proceeding. Implementation of a panel decision will be stayed for 10 business days if the respondent provides documentation of a lawsuit filed in court.